analysis of the latest and most scholarship. Contact email: Boo
Francis Marion and the Snow’s Island CommunityMyth, History, andArchaeology. By Steven D. Smith. Maps, Photos, Illustrations, Endnotes Bibliography, Index. 320 pages.
Not unlike Robin Hood’s Sherwood Forest, Snow’s Island, located in the Pee Dee River in Florence County, South Carolina has attained an almost mythic status as the place from where Brig. Gen. Francis Marion, the most successful partisan leader of the American Revolution, and his men seemingly came out of nowhere to harass the British a then disappear back. This, desp the fact, that it was only used a few months in the winter of 1780–1781. Author Dr. Steven D. Smith, a Research Professor at the South Carolina Institute of Archaeolo and Anthropology, has spent years in the field examining si on the island and throughout th
region where Marion operated. This book is a not straight
narrative of Marion, per se, bu an archaeological and historica examination of the area and its people. The author concludes th
our readers with timely icant Civil War research and Rev
the region was the perfect place for Marion’s base of operations. It was almost inaccessible, did not have a large population, and those who lived there, mostly farmers and planters, supported the Patriot cause. He also examines the various myths and legends about Marion and how accurate the first three and arguably the most influentia biographies of Marion are. Many legends about Marion come from these books and some, such as the famed sweet potato dinner with a British officer, probably never happened. The author also suggests that Marion was never called the “Swamp Fox” in his life time and that the nickname was a romantic invention of his early biographers. As for Marion actually using Snow’s Island as a base, sadly there is no hard evidence despit years of excavations. However, archaeologists have fo numerous sites in the region where Marion and his men may have camped. This leads Smith to believe that Snow’s Island was used in the same manner that someone from Burbank, California might say that they l in Los Angeles or Hollywood. The one drawback to the book is that parts of it makes for dr reading, as it is filled with te descriptions, graphs, statistics and other jargon that a historia or an archaeologist would understand, but not necessarily the casual reader, even though that documentation is rock solid This is by far one of the bes books ever written about Marion. Anyone with an interest in the American Revolution should check this book out.
of two American Revolution Whig militiamen and is married
to a descendent of Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry. He has written extensively on South Carolina’s history.
A War Necess Confederate Conscripti and the Struggle For Southern Soldiers. By John M. Sacher. Notes, bibliography, index, Louisiana State University Pres https://lsupress.org, 2022, 268
Since 1780 conscription has been controversial. Patriotic Southerners debated whether or not the goal of mobilizing the most men to achieve Southern independence was served by forcing soldiers into the ranks John Sacher does an excellent job of presenting a balanced view of conscription clearly demonstrating that conscription was not the “most hated” measur that many historians have labeled it. Southerners general supported the Conscriptio Act of 1862, yet argued over whether it violated their State Rights ideology and whether it included exemptions unfairly favoring the rich and powerful. For the individual soldier, it not a question of loyalty to th Confederate cause but a decisio on what came first, family or country. Exemptions were sought, or bought, if it meant one’s famil would otherwise starve or one’s occupation was necessary to produce necessities to clothe and feed the army. To achieve a balance between the need for manpower and maintaining home front productive capacity, the Conscription Act was modified several times, most notably in
1864 and early 1865. Exemptions were changed, details eliminated and slaves added to those eligib for conscription. All this was a effort to balance the unceasing demand for more soldiers and the need to be fair in the eyes of the home front. The perfect balance was never achieved. While statistics are fragmentary or missing to determine the actu number of men conscripted, exempted, or detailed to the critical occupations on the home
front, three factors played into one’s views on conscription. Where one lived, how the war affected their family, and how the government listened to their concerns largely determined one’s willingness to obey the ca for conscription. Adherence to the principles of the Confederacy was seldom in question. Loyalty to the cause remained unshaken throughout the war. John Sacher has done a commendable job of refuting the notion that conscription was the most hated measure passed by the Confederate Congress. It provide essential manpower that enabled the South to sustain itself for long years, yet it had flaws. Th rich and powerful could avoid
conscription with substitutes o direct payments, families were negatively impacted by the forc conscription of husbands, fathe and agricultural produce occupations deemed critical for supplying the troops became the instant avocation of shirkers. The author’s research represe the first comprehensive study o conscription in over a hundred
years. His research is exhausti balanced, and convincing. The book is easily readable, filled
primary sources, and is highly recommended for any serious student of the South’s struggle supply its armies with manpower to counter the North’s numerica superiority.
Wayne L. Wolf is Professor Emeritus at South Suburban College, past president of the Lincoln-Davis Civil War Roundtable, and the author of numerous Civil War books and articles including Two Years Before the Paddlewheel and The Last Confederate Scout.
The Siege of Vicksburg: Climax to the Campaign to Open the Mississippi River, May 23-July 4, 1863, by Timothy B. Smith. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, https://kansaspress.ku.edu, 20
In 1863, the Confederacy suffered three military disast that sapped Rebel strength and drastically altered the course the American Civil War. While Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg and the near annihilation of the Rebel Army of Tennessee at Chattanooga delivered hammer blows to the Confederacy, the third disaster, the fall o Vicksburg, has been viewed by some historians as perhaps the most critical. The fall of the river fortress has been chroni several times but perhaps neve with such painstaking detail a
Leaders series of the 1880s two engineer regiments at A themselves, to the point of the caption, “the First Mis
found in Tim Smith’s The Siege of Vicksburg. Smith, a professor at the University of Tennessee (Martin) is a prolific scholar noted for exhaustive research and detailed writing. With more than 500 pages of text covering the event from May 23-July 4, 1863, this volume is no exception. In fact, hardly any aspect of the siege escapes Smith’s notice. This comprehensive account lies in stark contrast to general works on Grant’s campaign against Vicksburg. In general, most authors merely mention the Union advance on the Rebel citadel and the failure of the Union attempt to storm the city’s defenses, an then briefly discuss the siege and the eventual Confederate surrender. Smith clearly considers the Western Theater the most important of the war and the struggle for Vicksburg the most important military event in the West. Vicksburg, Smith contends, turned out to be the largest and most complex campaign of the war in terms of time, geographic impact, resources, and combat operations (with cavalry raids, pitched battles, naval actions, siege warfare, and skirmishing a part of the long struggle). Smith launches into the story the siege following the failure Grant’s assaults on the Vicksbur works. At this point, Grant realized the topography and Rebe defenses were simply too strong to storm, at least from hundreds of yards away. He would need the skill of his engineers and h
The American Civil War was the first war in which both sides widely used entrenchments, repeating rifles, ironclad warships, and telegraphed communications. It was also the first American War to be extensively photographed. Mathew Brady, Alexander Gardner and Timothy O’Sullivan are famous for having made iconic photographs
in the Civil War’s eastern theater. George N. Barnard deserves to be ranked in this top tier for his photographic work in the war’s western theater. A civilian photographer hired by Gen. William T. Sherman’s chief engineer to take
pictures of fortifications around Atlanta, Barnard took several hundred of them in and around the city in the fall of 1864. His most famous is the sit
of Union Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson’s death in the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Thus far, no comprehensive, definitive listing has been made of the photographer’s work. For this book we have chosen a hundred images we deem “significant.”
for telltale clues. One of the most important e in the center, which Confederates had left
hief engineer in Hood’s army, called try for August 14, 1864, he remarked on , however, never assaulted the Confederate
army’s raw muscle to inch his entrenchments closer and closer to the Confederate works, where another assault could be launched or mining operations under the Rebel works conducted. In the meantime, the Rebels would be cut off from supplies of food and ammunition. Smith ably details Grant’s struggles during the siege, from overcoming a shortage of engineers to the even more important struggle to supply his army. Smith also details Grant’s paranoia concerning a possible attempt by Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston to relieve the besieged city, either by crossing the Big Black River to the east o advancing from the area Smith called “the slot” between the Big Black and Yazoo Rivers in the north. The author also covers the Confederate decisions in equal detail. While Confedera General Pemberton emerges as a competent commander who had few options at his disposal by May 1863, Smith portrays Johnston as a poor commander who refused to make any real movements toward relieving the city. Smith views Johnston as doing just enough to make it look as if he were trying. For example Johnston finally inform Pemberton that he would attack around July 7th when he knew full well that the latter did not have rations enough for his men at that point. For Smith, Johnston is more concerned with his reputation and not being blamed for what he views as the inevitable fall of Vicksburg, especially since he had ordered Pemberton to evacuate the city prior to the siege. In addition to the experiences
the general officers, Smith cover the average soldier’s experience
in the trenches as well as the Re civilian population both inside
He even discusses in some detail the Northern visitors and the
political machinations Grant faced from the Northern press. He examines the military aspects,
the skirmishes, sharpshooting, small engagements around the city, and mining attempts by Federal sappers. Smith notes that the surrender was not completely the result
of the food shortage. Although food stocks were nea
realizations that Johnston would not provide help and the Federal had dug themselves to within easy range for a quick assault. By early July, the Federal lines were close enough for an assault which Smith believes would have overwhelmed the devastated Rebel works and led to the city’ capture. Simply put, the Rebels were dug out, not starved out. This book is part of what will ultimately become a five-volume set exploring the Union attempt capture the Rebel bastion on the Mississippi. The details present in The Siege of Vicksburg are remarkable given the short span of time covered. As with Smith’s previous trilogy on the Tennesse River (Corinth 1862: Siege, Battle, Occupation (University Press of Kansas, 2012); Shiloh: Conquer or Perish (University Press of Kansas, 2016); and Grant Invades Tennessee: The 1862 Battles for Forts Henry and Donelson (Universi Press of Kansas, 2021)), he has decided to write the books out o chronological order. In the Vicksburg series, The Siege of Vicksburg is volume fiv The Union Assaults at Vicksburg: Grant Attacks Pemberton, May 17-22, 1863 (University Press of Kansas, 2020) is volume four. What will be volume one is forthcoming and will cover the Union attempts to advance on Vicksburg via the Mississippi Central Railroad and Chickasaw Bayou as well as the Confederate cavalry actions of Nathan Bedford Forrest and Earl Van Dorn. Volume two will cover the campaign from January to April 1863; volume three will examine events from May 1 through May 16, 1863. This series will augment by
that cover various aspects of the Vicksburg Campaign: Champion Hill: Decisive Battle for Vicksburg (Savas Beatie, 2004); The Real Horse Soldiers Benjamin Grierson’s 1863 Civil War Raid Through Mississippi (Savas Beatie, 201 and The Decision Was Always My Own: Ulysses S. Grant and the Vicksburg Campaign (Southern Illinois University Press, 201 Tim Smith has emerged over the past decade as one of the premier historians of the Civil War’s Western Theater and of Ulysses S. Grant. Now, following in the footsteps of Michael B. Ballard’s Vicksburg The Campaign that Opened the Mississippi (University of Nor Carolina Press, 2010) and Ed Bearss’s three-volume study of the campaign, Vicksburg is the Key; Grant Strikes a Fatal Blow; and Unvexed to the Sea (Morningside House, 1985– 1986), Smith promises to bring new insights into the struggle for control of the Mississippi This volume and the entire ser deserve a wide audience as do any works by Smith mentioned here. The author’s attention to detail, keen insights, deep understanding, writing style, exhaustive research combine to produce remarkable works of scholarship. With dedicated authors such as Smith, the lon declared exhaustion and declin of Civil War military history happily far from correct.
John D. Fowler, Ph.D., is the author of several books and articles on the Civil War Era. He is the author of Breaking the Heartland: The Civil War in Georgia. He is currently a Professor of History at Dalton
Did Lincoln Break the Constitution to End Slavery? No. The Broken Constitution: Marshall argued, “While the DUTY AS WE UNDERSTAND “Liberty to all,” this, he called occasionally recognizes that Lincoln, Slavery, and the Union survived the civil war, the IT.” an “apple of gold.” Lincoln “the framers’ Constitution Refounding of America. By Constitution did not. In its place Feldman finds Lincoln’s concluded, “The picture embodied both slavery and nonNoah Feldman. Photos, notes, arose a new, more promising stirring conclusion “logically was made, not to conceal, slavery at the same time,” but index. 384 pp. Farrar, Straus, basis for justice and equality.” incoherent.” According to or destroy the apple; but to adorn, his emphasis is overwhelmingly and Giroux, 2021. Macmillan Feldman makes some Feldman, “the Constitution of and preserve it. The picture was on the proslavery interpretation Publishers, http://us.macmillan. questionable claims throughout the union, to which Lincoln made for the apple—not the of the Constitution. For Oakes,
won the presidential election ‘right.’ It was a compromise words, Lincoln believed that the fulfillment of antislavery Reviewed by Jonathan W. White of 1864 in part “because the designed to achieve ‘might,’ based the Constitution embodied and constitutionalism, not a breaking Democrat George McClellan fundamentally on embracing preserved morally right principles of the Constitution. As Oakes was too extreme in his Southern what Lincoln was now openly and was worth preserving. The writes, “In 1861, as slaves sympathies.” In his letter calling a terrible moral wrong.” Constitution was not something began running for freedom to accepting the Democratic But Feldman misses what to be broken. It already was a Union lines, President Lincoln nomination in 1864, McClellan Lincoln was doing in this speech. moral document. and congressional Republicans wrote: “But the Union must Lincoln wanted Republicans to Feldman’s analysis leaves reacted in ways consistent with be preserved at all hazards,” believe that their arguments were other major questions about the their long-standing commitment among other statements calling morally, and constitutionally, Civil War era unanswered. If to the antislavery Constitution.” for northern victory. More right and that they were winnable one accepts his view that “the significantly, Lincoln would not in the public sphere. The point of compromise Constitution” was Jonathan W. White is associate recognize his depiction in this Lincoln’s “bland” history lesson essentially proslavery, why did professor of American Studies at book. To explore one example was to give Republicans a basis so many young men rush to Christopher Newport University in depth: In Feldman’s hands, for making sound arguments. If arms to defend it? An immoral and author or editor of 13 books, Lincoln’s brilliant Cooper Union only white Southerners would Constitution would not have been including A House Built by Slaves: Address becomes “strange,” listen; they wouldn’t. His faith sufficient motivation. Readers African American Visitors to the “fairly bland,” ambivalent, in the “right” in his peroration interested in understanding Lincoln White House (2022) and “mildly tendentious,” and an was his belief that antislavery how preserving the Union had a To Address You As My Friend: “odd performance.” Feldman constitutional thinking could “moral” dimension could profit African Americans’ Letters to comes to these conclusions form a political majority, the from reading Gary Gallagher’s Abraham Lincoln (2021). because he appears to miss “might.” Unlike slavery, which The Union War (2011), Elizabeth In The Broken Constitution, the overarching structure and purpose of Lincoln’s speech. existed because some people had the raw power to impose their Varon’s Armies of Deliverance (2019), or Andrew Lang’s A Want To Harvard law professor Noah In the first section of the speech, will on others, or “might makes Contest of Civilizations (2021). Feldman argues that Abraham the “fairly bland” part, Lincoln right,” Lincoln was contending On the question of Advertise In Lincoln “broke” the U.S. used historical evidence to argue that strong moral arguments could emancipation, James Oakes Constitution to “cleanse” it of the Founding Fathers believed be more powerful than bad ideas. offers a far more persuasive Civil War News? the moral evil of slavery. “Today we conceive of the Constitution that Congress could regulate slavery in the territories. In the In essence, he was calling for a robust understanding of “free explanation in The Crooked Path to Abolition (2021). Oakes traces Email us at
law that embodies an ideal white Southerners to engage making an historically grounded tradition that developed in the
Feldman. “Yet the original over the slavery issue. Feldman slavery. and the Civil War. Feldman Constitution was not a moral completely ignores this aspect of People at the time understood ideal. It was a compromise that the second section of the speech. the speech’s greatness. On preserved slavery.” According In the third and final section, February 28, 1860, a schoolgirl to Feldman, Lincoln initially Lincoln exhorted Republicans in upstate New York wrote in sought to preserve the proslavery to make their case in the public her diary: “Grandfather asked “compromise Constitution,” sphere, to compromise with white me to read Abraham Lincoln’s but over time changed his view. Once Lincoln “deemed that the compromise Constitution Southerners where they could, but not to sacrifice their moral principles on the issue of slavery. speech aloud which he delivered in Cooper Institute, New York, last evening. . . . It was a thrilling STAY INFORMED! S ISSUE: THE MONTHLY HIZER had been broken by the South,” His ringing conclusion brought talk and must have stirred JIM LIGHT INSIDE THI MOST FAMO US BATTL EFIELD BY L. SELL JR ND BY HARO LD HOLZER G AMERICA’S ESS BY CARL WING THAT GROU LEE’S HOST HALLO • PRESERVIN PSON - ROBERT E. TING AND H F. WILSO N CONSECRA BY JOSEP • MARY THOM REVISITED: STILL CW N THE FIGHT News CURRENT EVENTS 2018 G • GETTYSBUR NIA RESERVES: BACK IN ZKOWSKI Civil War FER SYLVA BY JOE MIEC MICHAEL K. SHAF SHOVLIN • THE PENN he “ensured that it would the audience to a roar: “Neither men’s souls.” In like manner, in DRAFT RIOTS STOR S BY SBUR G BY MIKE • NEW YORK ANCE OF GETTY CILELLA G CIVIL WAR THE TOWNSPEOPLE SALVATORE • RESEARCHIN BY SBURG BY NON PRITC HARD ATION FACED BATTLE OF GETTY ED BY SHAN NEWSPAPER • CONTAMIN AND THE REMEMBER Y R. WAUD NT 4TH TEXAS BY THOMAS P. LOWR • ALFRED CW N OF THE GALLA • COLONEL GETTYSBURG TRAN SLATED Civil War News April 2018 48 Pages, Lincoln at Cooper Union (2004), AT remain broken” and “broke the let us be slandered from our duty • ESKIMOS War Enthu siasts tion aper For Civil Preserva Monthly Newsp FREE America’s ust’s Path to
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H&LYLO nation might live. have condemned, 0DU\&KHVQXWDQ VRFLHW\ DQG ToSURYLGH too, with historians .Civil of Lincoln image\HGLQWK RXU ³)RXQGLQ ZLIH RI -RKQ some, the VWDWHSOD door sculpture gallery, removed, and activistsny. SROLWLFV KLJK 3HPEHU DQ WKDWHDFK LQFOXGH HQWULHVslave hundred mon- leaders original. In 1987, for example, IN THAT FAITH, LET US, TO engages with one of Lincoln’s $ELJDLO $GDPV G SROLWLFV DV RI looming above a kneeling 7KH ODWHVW believe more than thirteen defaced, statues. ceremoas Creek Today, www 3KRHEH D]R :DU Critics D .HQWXFN it’s \ Lee; Long- have g at the Kettle U7UXVW V¿Q$GDPV LQÀXHQFH ZLIH RI ZDUIDUHUDWRU RI &KLPERU is degrading. )ORULGD it/RXLVLDQ and erase &DOLIRUQ uments: Meade andDooley speakinZHUHPHPEHU it LD &LYLO:D /LQFROQDQGKL GLG 0HUF\ 2WLV :DUUHQ DGPLQLVW G KDG time to take LFXW downDQG and Vince streetCoach Buford; Wadsworth est hour, a speech that went on to -RVHSK :DUUHQ DW 5LFKPRQ XQGHU &RQQHFW and pop- IHDWXUHV we face %RVWRQ SDWULRW ODGLHV´ LQ WKH +RVSLWDO VROGLHUV fromWKH bothODWWHU VWDWH¶V YLGHR the cityscape and Warren. statues of its own, EHU WKH PRUH WKDQ memory. Despite&RQJUHV VPDQ -RKQ Douglass’s statues recall a time inspire to countless other ³5HPHP ular 86 These challenge $ELJDLODGYLVHG IRUPHU long endure, than values, a QHZJRYHUQPHQW hopes, it may not when valor, more and to collective memory after all. Inside onto issue: statuesDo thispedestals, 8QÀQLVK HG)LJKW it, revise it, DQG elevated subjects PRINT & DIGITAL real we embrace itself. ²7KH That DOWRJHWKHU ¿WWLQJ admit, the HU And ,W LV contested and when, let’s LF·V&RUQ and or erase20 it?– This proper to recall such erWe ²&ULW ignited secession Section RXJK7KH/HQVThomas That ²7KU Supreme Court justice Thurgood THE END, DARE TO DO OUR deepest meditations on the and now. Index can- issue that 41 – Events shadtheARMS! controversial Talk-Trivia sculpture47 here– Advertis Apprais er rebellion receded 18 – intoon, Inspecti JBall 35 – Small Lincoln recalls an age when 26 – Ask this The hallowed the Lost Cause was ·&:%OR title the White Smokewhen Lincoln held the undisputed not re-consecrate acknowledg- ows; 6 – Black Powder, ²-RKQ%DQNV retrievable, and of motion as he guides UR ground without 12 – The Source echoed Poretsky is a blur Reviews the still considered Floor Master Jeff -RH%RUGRQD ing the statue 32 – Book controversy— ²&ODVVLÀHGV roiling the the words that Lincoln + Holzer GDQFHUVLQDQLQWULFDWHÀJX UH page 9 memory crisis—now . . . . . . . . . . . see EDITIONS AVAILABLE Inside this issue: ²7KH8QÀQLVKHG)LJKW ²&ULWLF·V&RUQHU Constitution, a circa 1860–61 Index 18 – This And That 39 – Events Section Lens 47 – Advertiser 8 – Through The 22 – Ask The Appraiser Smoke 16 – Inspection, ARMS! 2 – Roundtable News White 6 – Black Powder, ²-RKQ%DQNV·&:%ORJ 33 – Small Talk-Trivia 30 – Book Reviews 10 – The Source ²&ODVVLÀHGV fragment in which he argued that Publishers/Authors INSIDE EVERY ISSUE “The Union, and the Constitution, are the picture of silver” framed UP-TO-DATE COVERAGE • PRESERVATION NEWS • BOOK REVIEWS around the Declaration of Send your book(s) for review to: Independence’s principle of SHOWS, LIVING HISTORY AND REENACTMENTS • HISTORICAL ARTICLES MONTHLY COLUMNS • CALENDAR OF EVENTS Civil War News CALLOnly
